Bow string – Video .

String forms Most bow strings may be described as either simple, reverse-twisted, or looped. Simple strings may be made of any fiber, twisted into a single cord. Such strings have been used in many parts of the earth and are still good and pretty quick to make. However, they lean to be weaker for their weight, and they may also fall apart if not kept constantly under tension.

They are usually secured to the bow by a mile at each end. Reverse-twisted strings are traditional in Europe and North America for most raw materials. Linen and hemp fiber have been widely used. The work is likewise used for advanced materials. A reverse-twisted string is made of separate bundles, each packet individually twisted in one direction; the full group of bundles is then twisted in the early direction. The effect tends to be stronger for its weight than a childlike or looped string, and holds together better than a mere string. A further advantage is that the full thickness of the train passes round the nocks, where clothing is normally greatest. Additional threads may besides be set in at the nocking points for the bow stave and for the arrow, which are sites of likely wear. The strand may be secured to the bow by a mile at each end, usually a timber hitch, also known as the bowyer`s knot. The traditional "Flemish" string has a laid-in loop at one end, which is easier than most knots to fit over the mark of the bow when stringing and unstringing. It is more pain to make; the inadequate length, towards one end, that will make the loop is reverse-twisted first. The ends of each pile are so set in to the main length of the bundles, which are reverse-twisted in turn. The Japanese bow string is made by reverse-twisting in different directions in the meat and outer layers of the string. See Kyd. Looped strings are made of one or more continuous loops of material. Modern strings are frequently made as a single continuous loop: this is then served to hold the last form. Disadvantages include the lesser number of character at the ends, where clothing is most likely; this may be overcome by helping the string. An Oriental bow string knot In many parts of Asia, traditional strings have a one loop in the center, with the ends made of separate lengths tied on using a special knot. This design allows extra fiber to be used at the ends, where weight is less significant and bear more likely.String materials Traditional materials include linen, hemp, other vegetable fibers, sinew, silk, and rawhide. Almost any fiber may be exploited in emergency. Natural fibers would be very unusual on a modern recurve bow or compound bow, but are still good and even used on traditional wooden or composite bows. Sinew and hide strings may be severely affected by water. Widely-used modern materials are stronger for their weight than any raw material, and most are unaffected by water. They include: Dacron B50 - (strength per strand = 22.5 kg. , stretch = 2.6%), a polyester material. Because of its strength and stretch, Dacron is normally used on beginners` equipment, wooden bows, and older bows. The comparatively high stretch causes less cushion to the bow, which is an important condition for wooden-handled recurves. Dacron strings are easy to maintain and can survive several years. Kevlar 7-11 - (strength per strand = 31.8 kg. , stretch = 0.8%), also known as Aramid, is a liquid crystal polymer material with a higher density and smaller diameter than Dacron, which results in a faster arrow speed (approximately 2 metres per second faster). There are two problems with this material.[citation needed] First, its limited stretch causes increased emphasis in the bow limbs. Secondly, a Kevlar bowstring may only last 1000 shots before breaking as it tends to fatigue due to bend at the nocking point. Failure tends to be sudden rather than gradual. Fastflight - (strength per strand = 45.5 kg. , stretch = 1.0%), introduced in the 1990s, is a high modulus polyethylene material, also known as Spectra, which results in a "plastic" front and feel.[citation needed] It is very slippery, so the servings have to be clothed very tightly to prevent sliding. Special serving material has been developed to help overcome this problem. Fastflight has largely displaced liquid crystal polymers like Kevlar for bowstrings as it is more lasting and fails more gradually.[citation needed] In 2006, all US-based Spectra production facilities were requisitioned by the US Government, since Spectra is likewise used in body armour.[citation needed] Production of Spectra-based Fastflight has thus ceased, but the manufacturer (Brownell) has launched several alternatives, such as the Dyneema-based Fastflight Plus. Fastflight S4 - (strength per strand = 73 kg. , stretch = less than 1.0%) is made from a complex of 50% Fastflight and 50% Vectran making the strands thicker.[citation needed] Therefore approximately half the turn of strands are needed as for a Fastflight string. Vectran is a liquid crystal polymer similar to Kevlar. Mixing it with Fastflight avoids many of the durability problems associated with liquid crystal polymers. Dyneema is a high modulus polyethylene material.[citation needed] It has very similar characteristics to Fastflight, though with a little more stretch. For this reason, many recurve shooters prefer Dyneema and find it more "forgiving" than Fastflight.Serving Serving a bow string refers to the use of an additional thread, commonly wrapped around the main string at the nocking points where abrasion is most likely, and also used on looped strings to save the two sides of the loop together.See also Archery Bow (weapon) FistmeleReferences ^ Design and Expression of Flight Bows - a supplement to "The Aim and Structure of Composite Recurve Bows" by John Clark. Ausbow Industries, not dated ^ The Traditional Bowyers Bible Volume 2. 1992. The Lyons Press. ISBN 1-58574-086-1 ^ Turkish Archery and the Composite Bow. Second edition, 1947, published by the author, Paul E.Klopsteg ^ Long Chin was an old warrior. He had been in many fights and had had much experience_ (He) told the new men_ "if a Pawnee is armed solely with a bow and arrows, do not concern him. Last night their bows and arrows got wet and the bowstrings will reach and stop when they pull on them. Now let us go." The Fighting Cheyennes. George Bird Grinnell. New York Charles Scribner`s Sons, 1915 http://ia311341.us.archive.org/3/items/fightingcheyenne00lcgrin/fightingcheyenne00lcgrin.pdf vde Archery Overview Archer`s paradox Archery Bow Bow draw Bow shape History of archery History of crossbows Mounted archery Paralympic archery Bows Cable-backed bow Composite bow Compound bow Crossbow English longbow Flatbow Laminated bow Longbow Recurve bow Self bow Equipment Arrow Arrowhead Bow string Bracer Finger tab Fletching Flu-Flu Arrow Quarrel Quiver Thumb ring Archery activities Archery games Bowfishing Bowhunting Clout archery Field archery Popinjay Target archery Target World Championship Archery at the Summer Olympics Glossary of archery termsCategories: Bows | Archery | Ancient weapons | Medieval weapons | Recreational weaponsHidden categories: All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007 | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2008

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